Stowe and Truth Essay -- essays research papers

The Negro of today is a disappointment, not on the grounds that he meets insuperable troubles throughout everyday life, but since he is a Negro. His cerebrum isn't fitted for the higher types of mental exertion; his goals, regardless of how difficultly he is train and shielded, remain hose of a comedian. He is, in short, a low-standing man, to the way [sic] conceived, and he will stay dormant and wasteful until fifty ages of him have lived in human progress. What's more, and still, at the end of the day, the predominant white race will be fifty ages a head of him.      Around the 1850's numerous whites apparent this announcement to be valid. In addition to the fact that they believed in it, yet they additionally had science and the specialists behind the science supporting this conviction (Typically white guys in the calling). African-Americans, just as ladies were viewed as of lower insight, not ready to act in "higher types of mental effort" and on account of blacks "able to act in a socialized manner". These two distinct causes bit by bit wound up converging since forever sharing one normal reason, equivalent rights.      When a significant number of us catch wind of the social liberties development we for the most part will in general think about the social equality development of the 1960's. With many understand pioneers of the time, for example, Dr. Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, Medgar Evers, many would state that the Civil Rights development was at its pinnacle. With everything that were continuing during the time, and the way that it was broadcast however the eyes of millions through TV. It's No big surprise The Civil rights development of the 1960's is thought of as the pinnacle and additionally start of the development.      One could state that the social equality development began in 1680's, directly toward the start of subjugation. Some portion of the Civil Rights development was bondage and additionally Anti-subjugation. Before Blacks could be viewed as equivalent, they initially must be portrayed as people. This would end up being no simple errand. Servitude generally began around 1619, that is the point at which the principal contracted workers showed up in Jamestown, and finished absolutely in the US around 1865 with the liberation announcement. There were numerous legends in the fight against subjection that were both high contrast. Around the 1800's subjection was all the more straightforwardly being communicated as being off-base. Numerous blacks began to criticize their lord, some revolted, som... ...ise to the whole human race? This is the most significant record that our nation was established on, as the constitution is the preeminent tradition that must be adhered to. At the point when the Europeans approached America they came here to get away from abuse, yet in the end showed into the individuals they fled from. Europeans turned into the establishing fathers of abuse in what was to turn into the USA.      Sojourner Truth and Harriet Beecher Stowe were two ladies who went going to change the uncalled for treatment, for ladies as well as for blacks also. The relationship that Harriet Beecher Stowe and Sojourner Truth had was exceptionally remarkable around then. Indeed, even the causes that they upheld joining were a lot of exceptional however yet same. Sojourner Truth and Harriet Beecher Stowe set a precedent in American culture that is as yet present today. A pattern that two causes could discover sustenance with each other. Many may contend with regards to whether Sojourner Truth and Harriet Beecher Stowe began the converging of the two developments however it tends to be accepted that the two mirrored the relationship of the two gatherings at that point. Refered to in Charles E. Siberman, Crisis clearly (New York: Vintage, 1964), 108

Kantian Ethics concerning human Cloning Essay

Cloning is a technique imagined to thought in the late 1960s, yet it is as of late that it was completely comprehended and that researchers have begun to make sense of how to effectively duplicate the hereditary arrangement of one living being to another. Since science definitely realizes how to do this, the main issues and impediments that remaining parts is productivity and the achievement proportion of every activity. The cloning procedure comprises of taking the core of a living being, and putting it, alongside the DNA that contains all the hereditary material, instead of the core of the host egg. The egg at that point shapes an incipient organism and develops into the equivalent careful â€Å"copy†, in any event hereditarily, as the first life form. Effectively done on well evolved creatures, cloning is something that can be stretched out to use people as subjects. Later on it will be completely conceivable to make human clones to fill whatever need they were imagined for . Be that as it may, by and by there are various moral issues encompassing cloning and there are issues about the ramifications of the utilization of cloning with the end goal of medication. This issue plagues us so much that the consistent complaints of bioethicists and political and strict pioneers have made the US Government propose a restriction on all exploration concerning human cloning until an end is reached on the good and moral parts of the procedure. (Macer, 2) In this paper, I will talk about how Kantian perspectives and morals assist us with understanding whether it is ethically moral to clone to better our lives. Two focuses must be recognized. How precisely will human cloning help medication and society, and the ramifications of human worth and nobility when applied to clones. Kantian morals were proposed by Immanuel Kant in his basic composition of the â€Å"Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals†. Kant contended that â€Å"non-normal things have just a relative incentive as means and are thusly called things. Normal creatures, then again, are called people in light of the fact that their tendency as of now stamps them out as finishes in themselves†¦ for except if this is along these lines, nothing at all of total worth would be found anywhere†. (Britannica, 473) All people can change their conduct to what they motivation to be good conduct, yet in utilizing this limit all people have, they should follow up on a clear cut basic to treat all also situatedâ people similarly. They should maintain to their ethical proverbs and make their activities general law, extending it similarly to all people. Kant reformulates this thought and expresses that we ought to â€Å"act so that you generally treat humankind, regardless of whether in your o wn individual or in the individual of some other, never essentially as a methods, however consistently at indistinguishable occasions from an end†. (Britannica, 472) This implies we ought to never utilize individuals as just a methods, and that since all people have inborn human worth they should all be considered as finishes in themselves. Kant’s vision includes just people or balanced operators. In the event that no ‘person’ or judiciousness is available, at that point it very well may be contended that the operator is basically a thing. Something that can't excuse and isn't aware of its reality can't be contended as having human worth. So it is entirely conceivable, through certain uses of science, to make â€Å"headless† clones that are not completely evolved in the forebrain and who along these lines can't support or exist deliberately. (Friedman, 3) If ready to be kept alive after their origination so as to develop, these clones can be utilized for reaping of their organs for different clinical purposes. Kant would not question these sorts of clones since his idea of levelheadedness is regarded in agreement to the clear cut goal. On the off chance that lone sane operators are to be utilized as an end, and on the off chance that no objectivity exists, at that point anything that remains c an be utilized uniquely as a way to promote some objective with no moral bad behavior included. Building up a â€Å"headless† clone includes a procedure that keeps sanity and cognizance from ever being shaped. This can be resembled to different methodology that include a similar square of arrangement of sanity, especially any type of conception prevention. Not permitting the improvement of â€Å"headless† clones since it is indecent makes any kind of anti-conception medication along these lines improper as well, since they likewise include the forestalling of the advancement of awareness and discerning idea. (Friedman, 4) If this basic were to be maintained to an ethical saying, at that point we would should be steady in our activities and boycott anti-conception medication similarly as human cloning is restricted at this point. Be that as it may, if human clones are created as people (with an entire mind andâ fully working in each angle) at that point our viewpoints should be changed to take an increasingly good view. Is it conceivable to ethically clone a human to turn into an end in themselves? Assume the instance of a childless family where the mother can't imagine for whatever reasons. Physical cell cloning can furnish the family with an approach to get a kid through proxy birth. (Friedman, 2) Even however replicating the hereditary arrangement of one parent and making the youngster a duplicate of them is to some degree weird, it is justifiable from the parents’ perspective. On the off chance that they can't normally imagine, they should in any case be given a type of opportunity to have a youngster. Cloning allows the guardians to have a youngster and have a to some degree ordinary family as a result. For this situation the clone is treated as an end. He will grow up to be sound and ideally be viewed equivalent to a normally considered kid. At the point when he grows up, the clone won't upbraid his reality. Whenever posed the inquiry of whether he would have rather not been conceived, the youngster would undoubtedly thank cloning for his origination. The comparative can be said for a clone that is utilized as a methods for something however in the long run turning into an end in themselves. Assume the instance of a family where a genuine ailment torment a current youngster and that solitary a particular blood classification or a specific kind of bone marrow will spare him. In the event that no contributors are accessible, the child’s just pass to endurance may be a clone. Utilizing the equivalent hereditary creation, his twin can be cloned so as to spare his life. On the off chance that this cloned twin is subsequently disposed of, in light of the fact that he no longer fills a need or on the off chance that he kicks the bucket during the transfusion, this would thusly be profoundly untrustworthy and shameless. Be that as it may, if the guardians practice the human right of the clone as an individual to exist, they are acting as per the downright basic as expressed previously. They are stretching out the ethical proverb to a general law, and are regarding the clone as an individual, legitimately. The clone at that point becomes not just a way to spare a child’s life yet an end in themselves moreover. The clone’s discernment and awareness isn't endangered. What's more, similarly as over, the clone would be appreciative for having spared somebody with his reality and would not lament his life. The quickly predictable issues with cloning with the end goal of labor may be seen when guardians need to direct the hereditary cosmetics ofâ their kid. They may not just need to destroy qualities that make an individual defenseless to specific maladies, yet they likewise should dispose of other troublesome qualities. Qualities that control a person’s weakness to brutality or other passionate elements, or qualities that control a person’s appearance, for example, tallness, hair and eye shading and state of being. Along these lines, guardians may have the option to shape hereditarily better kids than their loving. This would is generally likely to take out uniqueness and independence. There would be no irregularity or immaculateness of nature in people. Everything would be comparable on the grounds that specific explicit characteristics would be progressively good and famous. Likewise quality predominance would name clones as of higher worth and might cause segregation dependent on one’s hereditary cosmetics. Just through all out obscurity would this be preventable, and this condition is incomprehensible. This issue can be straightforwardly identified with the all out basic so vital to Kant and Kantian morals. Since ethical quality must reached out to be all inclusive, it is basic that both the unrivaled clones and routinely hereditarily enriched people are treated with comparable respect. This anyway would appear to not be the situation; the clones would consistently be supported in any circumstance. In this way, this treatment would be indecent, as it is corrupt to clone human people for such purposes, which depend just on vanity of individuals and segregation of less preferred qualities. Numerous moral issues and good parts of human cloning must be seen to get a bigger image of its suggestions. Kantianism gives us a method of separating wherein circumstances will cloning be moral or, the inverse, unethical. Be that as it may, Kantian morals is quite explicit in its circumstances and it can’t give a substantially more broad and wide comprehension of the morals of cloning. It doesn’t instruct us, it just reveals to us in the case of something is good or not. Kantianism isn't a guide of ethics however it is a generally excellent comprehension of them. Book index Friedman, Dan. â€Å"Cloning† Macalester Journal of Philosophy Vol. 9, 1999 Gardner, Jennifer. â€Å"To Clone or Not to Clone† http://pages.prodigy.net/darvi/clone.htm (12 Feb, 2001) â€Å"Kant, Immanuel† Encyclopedia Britannica: In Depth Knowledge 1999 ed. Macer, Darryl R.J., Ph.D. â€Å"Ethical Challenges as we approach the finish of the Human Genome Project.† N.p: n.p. 2000 Ploy, Michael, and Sheppard, Aryne. Cloning: Responsible Science or Technomadness? Prometheus Books, December 2000

By Piaf possessed Essay Example For Students

By Piaf had Essay As an educator of singing for musically undeveloped venue majors at Columbia College in Chicago, Ive saw that the most overwhelming deterrent beginner vocalists face isnt absence of ability or method. Its absence of confidencea incapacitating apprehension of disappointment that comes from more major issues than melodic freshness. One strategy to battle this dread is the thing that my kindred instructors and I call the big name gamea pretending exercise in which understudies sing their picked tunes in the persona of an acclaimed entertainer; this experience of venturing outside themselves permits understudies to move toward singing with less uneasiness and reluctance and advance toward finding their own regular voices. We will compose a custom exposition on By Piaf had explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The reason of Jim Cartwrights The Rise and Fall of Little Voice sounds somewhat like one of my classes. The play (a basic and well known achievement in its 1992 world debut at the Royal National Theater of Great Britain) recounts a mother whose constant obnoxious attack and catching nearness have left her teenaged girl LV (Little Voice) an agonizingly modest psychotic whos incapable to talk over a whisperexcept when, squatted in her clean room, she plays and chimes in with the records handed down to her by her late dad Frank. Little Voice, which as of late closed a two-month run in its American debut at Chicagos Steppenwolf Theater Company, grandstands Cartwrights distinctive composition, which went to the consideration of American crowds in his advancement natural auditorium piece Road, a grittily graceful representation of a devastated English town which got its U.S. debut at Chicagos Remains Theater in 1987. Profoundly covered ability As coordinated via Cartwrights individual Briton Simon Curtis (who organized the debut of Road at Londons Royal Court) and all around acknowledged by a trio of Chicago designersThomas Lynch (sets), Allison Reeds (ensembles) and Kevin Rigdon (lights)Steppenwolfs mounting of the play embraces a sensible yet fabulist tone. Be that as it may, its topics of familial clash, the brain science of singing and the battle of a youngster to locate her own character are created in shallow, nostalgic terms. The collections LV playsby Judy Garland, Edith Piaf, Marilyn Monroe, Shirley Bassey and different divas of great popprovide an outlet for her profoundly covered ability. Belting alongside the records since youth, LV (played by Hynden Walch as a pale fair urchin out of a Dickens epic) builds up the capacity to imitate the first singersand, forebodingly, to fuse the energizing yet unsteady enthusiastic states they epitomized into her own. The records chafe her mom Mari (Rondi Reed), whose own preferences run toward Elvis and Tom Jones. Hearing LV chime in with Garlands Over the Rainbow or Basseys Goldfinger helps Mari to remember her dead spouse, and the dissatisfaction she felt as a wife whose kid, she accepts, took his affection from her. Maris none too satisfied when her new sweetheart, a shabby headhunter named Ray Say (played by George Innes, the one bona fide Briton in the in any case all-Chicago cast, as a maturing trendy person in pig tail and gold chains), is so hypnotized by LVs vocal abilities that he needs to make the child a star. Obviously, Rays plans are bound by LVs clear illsuitedness to open execution: Its lone a matter of when, not whether, her voice will surpass her (in a crackup scene that makes Sunset Boulevard and Whatever Happened to Baby Jane? look decidedly downplayed). In any case, never dread: Like Vicki Lester in A Star Is Born (the Garland film that LV assimilates from late-night television), LV will be reclaimed by obvious lovein this case a delicate sentiment with Billy (Ian Barford), a sweet, tongue-tied phone installer who comes to court LV in her upstairs room, showing up on a powerfully raised careful selector. This Romeo brings his own overhang. .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2 , .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2 .postImageUrl , .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2 , .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2:hover , .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2:visited , .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2:active { border:0!important; } .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2:active , .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2:hover { darkness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u5158eaa25 91580c0aaec266e5e375dc2 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u5158eaa2591580c0aaec266e5e375dc2:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Michael John LaChiusa: searching for affection EssayBlend of satire and sentiment Little Voice is a computing mix of expansive, profane parody and tenderness, with numerous scenes that gleam with comic vitality and bravura portrayal. The jobs of Mari and LV can be dynamic exhibits for the privilege actorsin London, the parts were played by Alison Steadman and Jane Horrocks, known to film crowds for their jobs as mother and little girl in Mike Leighs Life Is Sweetbut neither Reed nor Walch permeated their characters with the complex inward life expected to lift them past the old hat portrayals of brazen expansive and winsome starving stray. In any case, LVs breakthroughwhen the young lady with the greats lining up in her neck makes that big appearance of a crude dance club (furnished with blinders to make up for her agoraphobia) to belt out an unusual variety of pantomimes (Garland at Carnegie Hall, Bassey in Vegas, Marilyn Monroe gasping Happy Birthday to President Kennedy)is a surefire swarm pleaser. So is her second-demonstration breakdown, where shes taken over by the ladies she mimics, which in Chicago took after Linda Blairs ownership in The Exorcist as much as whatever else. Obligation to fantasy writing Be that as it may, at that point, a significant part of The Rise and Fall of Little Voice looks like something different. Like its champion, its an interwoven of impacts going from A Taste of Honey to fantasy writing. Theres a lot of Cinderella and Rapunzel in the narrative of a young lady manhandled and detained by her mom until shes protected by a beguiling princein this case Billy, who bears LV to wellbeing however her window when her home burns to the ground. Fantasies can be a legitimate motivation for theater, however The Rise and Fall of Little Voice just plays with this rich mythic measurement; it appears to utilize pretend wish satisfaction to abstain from managing the mental concerns it has raised. Albert Williams is boss theater pundit for the Chicago Reader, and a craftsman in-living arrangement at the Columbia College Theater/Music Center.

Significance Of Brown v. Board of Education Court Case - Free Essay Example

The civil rights movement began because of the segregation of whites and blacks in the United States after the civil war. In result of the Civil War, the southern half of the country was in remains and the start of reconstruction was ongoing. Although slaves were already supposed to be considered freed, the racist emotion in the south was still progressing and they found ways to manipulate and torture blacks with work and little food. One of these ways was through segregation and the excuse of separate but equal in society. This problem finally grew on the nationwide view in the Supreme Court case, Plessy v. Ferguson, where the state of Louisiana had a segregation law set in place to fix the issue. Although there was already segregation laws in Louisiana, the Supreme Court supported it on a national level based on the theory that separate but equal does exist. In 1890, a new law was implemented in Louisiana this required railroads to provide equal but separate accommodations for white, and colored, races. The already enraged black community decided to test the law. On June 7, 1892, Homer Plessy was taken and jailed for sitting in the White car of the East Louisiana Railroad. Plessy was one-eighths black seven-eighths white, but according to Louisiana law, he was black by blood and history. Plessy felt as if the thirteenth and fourteenth amendments were being violated and went to court arguing that the Separate Car Act was contradicting them.   The results later coming back and starting the court cases as the judge found that Louisiana was not in the wrong and they could control railroad companies in their state; this made Plessy guilty of refusing to leave the white car. On a later date, Plessy appealed to the Supreme Court of Louisiana, as he did not believe his punishment for actions was right, but they defended the original decision already made. In 1896 Plessy made another appearance in front of the Supreme Court of the United States for them to here in on the case and was convicted guilty once again. In result to this hearing the Separate, but equal doctrine was released.   The Separate, but equal doctrine was a legal statement in the United States constitutional law stating that racial segregation did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. constitution, which guaranteed equal protection to all people. The case of Brown v. The Board of Education first began with five separate class-action lawsuits that was then joined together by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) on behalf of the colored schoolchildren and their families in Kansas, South Carolina, Delaware, Virginia and Washington, D.C. The lead plaintiff known by the name of Oliver Brown he had filed a suit against the Board of Education in Topeka, Kansas in 1951, after his daughter Linda was not granted admission to a white elementary school. Linda Brown, like many of her friends was a women of color, was allowed the privilege to go to school. However, she and her black friends were only allowed permission into a school for Blacks meaning, they were actually segregated from the white students. Therefore, taught to keep their safe space, they were then not allowed the opportunity to associate, socialize, make friends, and learn with the white students. Away from being segregated, there were comments that the schools put forward to black students never were half the standards of the schools attended by Whites when it came to books and facilities. What the law said during those times is as followed: that all schools – whether they cater to the white or the black population – should be equally equipped. That horrible situation provided the setting for Brown v. Board of Education. Linda, Browns daughter, resided only seven blocks away from a good, high standard, and well educated elementary school. Though, she had to commute everyday one mile to reach her schools location and be able to attend her classes. The reason was simple and nothing to complex, the school positioned seven blocks from her home was a school designated only for Whites. In 1950 however, her parents   made an overall decision and decided to ignore the segregation rules as stated by the school and tried to have Linda registered in the school closer to her home so that she would not have to walk a mile one way each day just to attend her classes. The problem became larger as she was directed away by the school principal who insisted on following and staying strict to the schools policy of segregation (Cozzens, 1998). Following the principal of the elementary school seven blocks from their home denied to register Linda, her father, Oliver Brown, wanted the help of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. After the principal of the elementary school blocks from her school refused to allow Linda, her father, Oliver Brown, wanted the help of the NAACP. The Topeka, Kansas branch leaded by McKinley Burnett directly took up the case because it had been excited to begin a legal challenge against the issue of segregation which was directed by white schools at the time. The NAACP brought together thirteen parents and directed them to register their twenty children in schools that were not directly for colored people. In Topeka, eighteen schools were chosen for white children while and only four of those schools were accessible to black children. When all children were denied permission to schools for Whites, the NAACP made all the parents plaintiffs in a class suit it filed in their behalf against the Board of Education in Topeka, Kansas. (Brown Foundation, 2004). Brown v. Board of Education was a breakthrough in American history, as it was the start to the long process of cultural segregation, starting with schools. Segregated schools showed so much difference in quality and standards, so African-American families organized the fight for equality. Brown v. Board stated that public schools must mix races and not separate based on color. This court decision created huge disagreement throughout the United States. Without this case, the United States may still have been segregated today. Although the Fourteenth Amendment gave certain rights to blacks, including citizenship, equal protection of laws/freedom, African-Americans were considered lesser of people by whites in this country. Justice Henry Brown wrote that the intention of the fourteenth amendment was not to abolish racial distinctions.   Nor to establish social equality, but merely to establish political equality.   Laws permitting and even requiring separation of races do not imply inferiority. This writing came up to mind after Plessy presented his case and failed one more time creating that separate, but equal doctrine. The separate but equal doctrine strengthened segregation practices in schools and throughout public life. In the 1930s, under the leadership of Charles Hamilton Houston, the NAACP, begin to attack the separate but equal doctrine.   Houston strategically focused his attacks on the realm of public education, because he felt like the detrimental effects of racial segregation were most readily visible in this area of life. Education was already so separated based off color and any money put fourth towards education or new advancements went to the whites. The road to Brown v. Board of Education was officially underway and Topeka chapter was small, but by far known as powerful. For the next two years Burnett, member of Topeka chapter, attended every single school-boarding meeting.   In fact, Burnett had no option but to save all his leave time in order to be able to be present at the board meetings, because they were held during his work hours. Since, the board refused to acknowledge, Burnetts continued requests, he decided it was time to look ahead and seek legal remedies. Burnett joined with the Scott family law firm, a local law firm with a well-established, history of filing discrimination cases through the state of Kansas. The awareness of this case grew rapidly and awareness began to grow. By the fall of 1950 they had successfully gathered 20 children who were willing to help test their case. These families were to take their children to the white school closest to their home and attempt to register and have a witness there to document what occurred. On August 3rd, 1951, the United States Court in Kansas concentrated their decision to uphold the right of the Topeka school board to maintain segregated schools.   They decided that the schools were both separate and equal. The three-judge district board did recognize the validity of the arguments stated regarding the emotional impact of state supported segregation, but with the road leading to this they could not make a ruling that opposed the Supreme Courts decision in Plessy vs. Ferguson case that was presented earlier.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On May 17, 1954, United States Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren delivered the unanimous ruling in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. State-sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and was therefore unconstitutional. The legacy of brown v. board of education that was fueled by the Civil Rights will forever be known as it was much needed for talks on racism, equality, and so much more. The Supreme Courts decision in Brown v. Board marked a outstanding moment in the NAACPs decades-long campaign to battle school segregation and how it was not right. In proclaiming school segregation as unconstitutional, the Court turned over the long-lasting separate but equal doctrine recognized in Plessy v. Ferguson many years ago leading up to Brown v. The Board of Education. In his view, Chief Justice Warren proclaimed public education was an essential right that deserved equal protection, stating plainly separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. In its memorable ruling, the Supreme Court did not insist of how to exactly end school segregation, but rather they had asked to hear further arguments and problems on the issue as they progressed. The Courts fearfulness, combined with firm local resistance, meant that the brave Brown v. Board of Education ruling did little on the community level to achieve the goal they were attempting to reach of taking segregation out of schools. Black students, to a large amount, still attended schools with cheap facilities, out-of-date textbooks and often no basic school supplies. Over 60 years after the breakthrough ruling, measuring its impact remains a complex effort. The Courts decision definitely fell short of original hopes that it would end school segregation in America for the rest of time, and some believed that bigger social and political services within the country played a far greater role in ending segregation. As the Supreme Court has grown progressively divided along political spectrums, both conservative and liberal justices have claimed the Brown v. Board to argue different sides in the constitutional debate. Chief Justice John Roberts, stating for the minority, asserted: The way to stop discrimination on the basis of race is to stop discriminating on the basis of race. Justice John Paul Stevens then wrote that the ruling rewrites the history of one of this courts most important decisions. Today children of all color and race attended the same school. Whether it is a boarding school, private school, or a public school they all attend class in the same classrooms every day. The case of Brown v. The Board of Education has changed the education for the future generations to come! This case was very impactful to the Brown family as his daughter was in the process of applying to a public elementary and they were still being treated bad and un-humane. His case really opened the eyes of the jury to see that separation of the school was not advancing nor helping students instead just making education an inconvenience.   We are constantly reminded every day that encouraging the conjoining of schools has helped children to learn the different lives some children have to live. This makes little things be more appreciated and helps to care for the others who may not be able to provide for themselves. The jury had no clue onto how this separation was a huge impact on the world an d student. Students are now better able to learn from each other and the different features of each culture people come from. The Brown v. Board of Education was one very important revolving points in the judicial jurisprudence that backed to the overall expansion of the United States. When the choice of the Supreme Court ruled that segregation did violate the Fourteenth Amendment, the future plans concerning rights of the people were afterward shaped. Aside from helping in the maturing of our democracy, it restated the sovereign power of Americans in protecting their rights under the constitution from the arbitrary limits and restrictions imposed by state and local governments. Linda Brown, therefore, sent her message across, clearly stated for the people (Brown Foundation, 2004).

Hinduism And Buddhism And Hinduism - 1641 Words

So far we’ve learned about Hinduism and Buddhism in India two of the most common religions found in India. One of the many things about learning about different culture is the religion that is come with. Religion is one of the many things that are unique to each and every culture. Religion views are what make a group of individuals come together and form a community. In core 7 we are learning about Hinduism and Buddhism learning about India and their religion views has helped me see the world in a different way and understand religion and a way of living in a whole new perspective. I’ve grown to take something from every religion we have learned up to core seven and try to relate it to my own lifestyle and how I can take something away from it and make me a better person. As an artist you have to take a little bit of everything and make it your own. Although Hinduism and Buddhism are very different from Christianity there are some aspects that appeal to me and I feel I can take away without feeling like I have to convert to the religion. Hinduism and Buddhism are two very unique religions that we have been discussing in core seven. Like any other region both are very different from each other but have some similarities. To start off both religions believe in Karma and reincarnation but both see the purpose of life in a different way. Hinduism was the first religion that we covered and it was the one that applied to several people in India. To start of Hinduism believes inShow MoreRelatedHinduism, Hinduism And Buddhism1205 Words   |  5 Pagesafterlife has become a controversial subject across many religions. Religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism have provided a multitude of similar and different analysis behind their specific beliefs and practices. Similar to many religions practiced around the world, Hinduism portrays a great amount of belief in worshipping gods that they believe play a special role in their history. Though when speaking of Hinduism, I should mention that it does not consist of a single, dominant religion. It is aRead MoreHinduism : Buddhism And Hinduism1045 Words   |  5 PagesSoutheast Asia, particularly India, is the birthplace of many religions. India is where these two religions arose: Buddhism and Hinduism. Hinduism is a very ancient belief system derived from the lifestyle of Southeast Asia. It still has a strong presence in its place of origin and it is characterized as a family of religions. An offspring of Hinduism, Buddhism is also a family of religions, except it has less of a strong presence in its place of birth. Yet, situated to the East area of the worldRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism And Hinduism1276 Words   |  6 PagesOut of the worlds many beliefs and religions, Buddhism and Hinduism m ake of about 20% of them (The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050). Hinduism and Buddhism are the most influential and popular in the eastern hemisphere, mostly in and around the Asian continent. These two religions have similar ideologies. So much so that many say that Buddhism is an appendage of Hinduism. Such religions have different religious structures, which allow broader interpretations toRead MoreBuddhism, Hinduism, And Hinduism1817 Words   |  8 Pagespracticed today. Most of these religions are based off the belief in a god, or have a moral code that they need to follow in order to appease their god or achieve salvation in the afterlife. Three religions that will be highlighted here are Buddhism, Sikhism, and Hinduism. In each of these three religions, they all share some religious tenets, or beliefs, that is universally accepted amongst all religions around the world and throughout history. Some of these tenets include the belief in a go d or a SupremeRead MoreBuddhism Vs Hinduism : Hinduism1573 Words   |  7 PagesBuddhism vs Hinduism Hinduism and Buddhism are two religions that are very open and tolerant of all people. They are religons that believe in acceptance of all and open-mindedness of other religons. Hinduism is the oldest religion on the planet that has been well established and still has a large following. To put it into perspective if religons were under 100 years old Hinduism would be 80 and Judaism and Christianity would still be in their 20s or 30s. Buddhism is also a long-standing religionRead MoreBuddhism Vs Hinduism : Hinduism1773 Words   |  8 Pages05 Taylor Winchester Professor Warber HST 203 October 24, 2015 Buddhism vs. Hinduism According to the book, The Religion of the Hindus, Hinduism is the third oldest world religion that has approximately 300 million followers, most of which live in India. The holy language of Hinduism is the Sanskrit language. Hinduism is considered a religion versus a philosophy. There is no specific founder for Hinduism; however, it is closely related the customs and manner of Hindus, making it ratherRead MoreBuddhism and Hinduism881 Words   |  3 PagesSome awesome title I make Buddhism and Hinduism are two of the most philosophical religions around the world. Both religions stem from India before the Common Era and hold ranks as being one of the top five main religions around the world, therefore, having similar origins and philosophies. Hinduism places third as an organized religion and is much older than Buddhism. Hinduism and Buddhism have lasted for centuries and today is widely practiced among the world. Hinduism is considered to be monotheisticRead MoreHinduism and Buddhism976 Words   |  4 Pages Buddhism and Hinduism are two of the world’s most influential and greatest religions. Buddhism is a religion based on the teachings of the awakened one (Abrams), and Hinduism is the oldest of the world’s greatest religions (Rice). Both of these religions arose in South Asia, thus they share similar culture and philosophy; however, they also contrast greatly with each other in many other aspects. By comparing the rituals of worship of the two religions it is proven that Hinduism worships variousRead MoreChristianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, And Hinduism1173 Words   |  5 Pagesfollowing religions are: Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism. These religions cover up more than half of world’s people and the reason why people are conforming every day is because each and every one of them has extraordinary stories that’ll take your breath away. As much as I want to talk about the five religions listed earlier, I only want to give you a chance to gain more knowledge on Islam and Buddhism. Islam and Buddhism both have similarities and differences. You’ll know theRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism : Buddhism942 Words   |  4 Pages Hinduism and Buddhism Park University Desmond Hutchinson RE307 â€Æ' Abstract Both Hinduism and Buddhism originated in India a very different world and origin than the other main religions. What is now called Hinduism began in India around 2000 years before the birth of Jesus Christ. Minorities in religion Hinduism and Buddhism are still well known and are growing in its followers from all over the world not just limited to the traditional geographical locations. Hinduism and Buddhism are different

Comparing Racism Essays - 955 Words

To compare how the two essays â€Å"Meaning of a Word† by Gloria Naylor and â€Å"White Guilt† by Shelby Steele, I will address what each essay says about stereotypes, anger and racism in three individual sections. First, I will review the stereotypes. In the first Essay â€Å"Meaning of a Word,† stereotypes are not heavily addressed. But if I look deeper into the way the family members were talking about the guy who made a lot of money, this was as stereotype. It was the stereotype that a black person should be poor and not have made a lot of money. Although they themselves are black, they apply a negative stereotype against themselves; such as by believing they should all be poor because they are black. In the second essay, â€Å"White Guilt,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Some people deal with a problem or stress by laughing about it. Even though they know it is serious, they need to somehow make it less serious. By turning this word around and taking ownership of it, using it in daily language, using it to describe success rather than failure, the author’s family and friends diluted its hateful message. This made it less likely to anger them when the term was heard. Much like using the good China or fancy glasses for everyday meals the specialty of the word was made to be common place and less special. This reduced its potency when used. However, the N-word does retain its hateful potency when use by any non-black person, because the latter would interpret its use as an insult and not as a form of verbal play or self-deprecation. In â€Å"White Guilt† the anger was very deep seated within the author’s friend in the bathroom encounter. His feeling of resentment at being oppressed and at suffering social inequality were so high that he would lash out against complete strangers, such as in the bathroom. This kind of anger helped to create a social movement against people that were perceived to have benefitted from unjust gains. The civil rights movement also led to many whites to feel guilty at the causes of black anger; namely, oppression and inequality about the reasons behind the anger. For people to experience emotions of guilt when they themselves wereShow MoreRelatedRacism: Two Short Stories894 Words   |  4 PagesIndividual Oral Presentation Essay (IOP) Comparing First and Third Person Narratives: Racism Note: This essay intends to explain the differences in first and third person narratives, highlighting examples within the two stories â€Å"Let them call it Jazz† and â€Å"A sense of shame†, both of which deal with racism and its subcultures in a first and third person perspective, respectively. The arguments presented are limited to that of first and third person perspectives only. The differences between firstRead MoreRacism: Two Short Stories880 Words   |  4 PagesIndividual Oral Presentation Essay (IOP) Comparing First and Third Person Narratives: Racism Note: This essay intends to explain the differences in first and third person narratives, highlighting examples within the two stories â€Å"Let them call it Jazz† and â€Å"A sense of shame†, both of which deal with racism and its subcultures in a first and third person perspective, respectively. The arguments presented are limited to that of first and third person perspectives only. The differences betweenRead MoreReflection Paper About English Composition930 Words   |  4 Pagesinto my essays, with proper citation if needed. Before taking the English Composition course, I was not one to organize my essays in an ordeal order to clearly state the point of the work. Now with taking the course, I have learned to organize my essays, examine research for a topic, and develop an essay with proper mechanics, and revising skills. In writing my personal, review, analytical, and cultural essays, I was able to develop these skills. In the beginning, my process in writing essays was limitedRead MoreThe Conflict Of Police Brutality And Racial Profiling858 Words   |  4 PagesKhan Final Essay Proposal Essay Summary: My exigent topic is focusing on the prominent conflict of African American males and police officials in Western nations, focusing directly on the American South. In the late 1920’s African Americans in the U.S.A, were hopeful that their struggle against racism was nearing a successful conclusion with the start of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People). For many years, especially for people not of colour, racism, racial discriminationRead MoreThe Fire Next Time By James Baldwin906 Words   |  4 PagesWhat America Must Become Racism is no new concept, even in this day and age. For centuries, the topic of racism has been prevalent, within the confines of the United States especially. James Baldwin, author of The Fire Next Time, writes of his experiences and thoughts of racism throughout his life in the previously mentioned book. Though published in 1962, Baldwin’s The Fire Next Time greatly relates to the U.S even to this day. Baldwin shows a different side of racism that one might have never thought—whileRead MoreRacism in the United States Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesIn his essay, Robert Jensen claims that Caucasian Americans feel that in order to be considered a true American, your skin must be white in color. He uses hurricane Katrina as an example, saying that, ...one of the hurricanes most enduring legacies is the way it made visible the effect of racial and class disparities on who lived and who died... (Jensen, par. 1). According to what was shown on television, it would appear a s though the black community garnered the bulk of the destruction, butRead MoreJust Walk on by: Black Man in Public Space Essay example988 Words   |  4 PagesPublic Space Brent Staples, author of â€Å"Just Walk on By: Black Man in Public Space.† discusses when the white woman he comes across one day late at night was constantly turning back as if she feared him for the way he looked. Brent highlights racism that has occurred to him during the 1970s. This encounter happened in an impoverished part of Chicago; he describes himself as a â€Å"youngish black man--a broad six feet two inches with a beard and billowing hair, both hands shoved into the pockets ofRead MoreThemes and Characters of Coffee for the Road by Alex la Guma, The Green Leaves by Grace Ogot and See me in me Benz and Ting by Hazel D. Campbell826 Words   |  4 Pagesrole which will essentially be the central focus in this essay. This essay will centre around three stories, Coffee for the Road by Alex la Guma, The Green Leaves by Grace Ogot and See me in me Benz and Ting by Hazel D. Campbell. I will also make sure to focus and explore characterisation and setting and furthermore whilst analysing a fiction piece, to take into account the background of the writer. After comparing the short stories it has become clear that they all Read More Misleading Interpretations of Conrads Heart of Darkness Essays1186 Words   |  5 PagesMisleading Interpretations of Conrads Heart of Darkness Chinua Achebe, a well-known writer, once gave a lecture at the University of Massachusetts about Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, entitled An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness. Throughout his essay, Achebe notes how Conrad used Africa as a background only, and how he set Africa up as a foil to Europe,(Achebe, p.251) while he also projects the image of Africa as the other world, the antithesis of Europe and thereforeRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s The Fire Next Time 901 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Black Arts Movement (1960s -1970s). He wrote many influential essays and poems that impacted many people’s views on the history and hardships African Americans went through living in America. James Baldwin explains in his essay that black people in America have to accept the way of white people in their own views. Baldwin shows the reader what it is like to be a â€Å"negro† and what they have to go through everyday life in his essay. Through his own vi ews he describes the negative history of blacks

Judgment and Decision Making for Decision Support- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theJudgment and Decision Making for Decision Support Systems. Answer: There are so many organization initiated with data processing system that support processing of transaction and develop information system of management to sustain strategic and tactical decision making. Decision support system is the new kind of system which attained popularity in the field of information system. It is a system which was helpful to interact with the user in the decision making. Yes decision support system affects the quality of strategic decision making in Organizational Management. There are so many problems in the Organizational Management which can be solved by using DSS. DSS is able to manage and deal with semi structured as well as unstructured problems (Li, et. al., 2016). DSS have some unique implication which influences the organization management. DSS system is effective because it is able to help by reminding the decision maker what is strategy of choice are perfect for the issue as well as facilitating to manage and represent the information. It builds in formation about the past, present. The main support of decision support system is that it helps to decision making process by facilitating the user evaluate and explore alternative by various modeling techniques. The effect of that procedure on organization might consequences in few closure of the structure of organization as for effective teams that able to meet anytime anywhere (Bonczek, Holsapple and Whinston, 2014). The role of decision support system in strategic decision making is crucial because it is proper design interactive software based system that is proposed to facilitate decision makers compile Useful information from a combination of documents, raw data, business model and personal knowledge to recognize the issue and resolve the problem. It has several benefits such as speedy competition, increase productivity, analyze the risk, improve flexibility and create a competitive advantage over the competition. The influence of DSS on organization management is effective. It helps to enhance the profit by providing knowledge about the cost benefit to the managers. With the help of DSS, organization is agile to adapt to amending situation easily and quickly. DSS represents the value of the independent variable such as the expenses of advertising, would have to be in a term to generate a value of target of a product. In the context of statistical analysis and Management, will be able to give certain utilize management models such as time series analysis and regression. These models will be helpful in the strategic decision making to evaluate safe for the future (Fick and Sprague, 2013). The effect of DSS on strategic planning is that it can help to share the planned information and links strategic and tactical planning processes. Data driven system of DSS proposed for performance scrutinizing can facilities recognize the troubles that need strategic analysis. With the help of DSS prior decision of the organization can be revised and monitored rapidly in a decision support environment. DSS is able to analyze the risk and provides the probability that will be helpful to measure the profit of the organization. References Bonczek, R.H., Holsapple, C.W. and Whinston, A.B., 2014, Foundations of decision support systems, Academic Press. Fick, G. and Sprague, R.H., 2013,Decision Support Systems: Issues and Challenges: Proceedings of an International Task Force Meeting June 23-25, 1980(Vol. 11). Elsevier. Li, X., Ouelhadj, D., Song, X., Jones, D., Wall, G., Howell, K.E., Igwe, P., Martin, S., Song, D. and Pertin, E., 2016, A decision support system for strategic maintenance planning in offshore wind farms,Renewable Energy,99, pp.784-799.

Sula By Toni Morrison Essays (931 words) - Sula, Slavery

Sula By Toni Morrison In the novel Sula all the characters have their roles that they're molded into just like everyone does in life. Based in the time that it takes place in and the fact that the vast majority of the characters are African-American their roles are pretty much forced for them to live by a predominately White- male society. The introduction to the novel starts off towards the end of slave times (the late 1800's). A good white farmer promised freedom and a piece of bottom land to his slave if he would perform some very difficult chores (pg. 5). The slave performs the chores and the White farmer tricks the slave into wanting the hilly land, which he gets. The hilly land is the worst land possible to have. Where Planting was backbreaking, where the soil slid down and washed away the seeds, and where the wind lingered all through the winter (pg. 5). Getting the worst land possible fit the slave's role perfectly. Because he was a slave he always got the worst end of everything and by getting the so-called ?bottom land? he got the worst end of the deal. Throughout the next few years the town of Medallion was formed. It was a poor town but the people who lived there made the best of it. Their roles in life in Medallion all seem to fit the poor town or poor neighborhood lifestyle perfectly almost as if we'd expect it too. The town of Medallion is a predominately black town, located in Ohio during the early 1900's. Blacks weren't expected to do much. No one really cared about them in a White-ran society. White people looked down on them and in society's eye they were at the very bottom of the social ladder. Almost all of the characters roles are roles that people would assume in their societies position. Shadrack's role in Medallion is that the community thinks he's kind of crazy. They just leave him to do his own thing. He is a World War One veteran and witnessed something horrible happen during one of the battles. Because of what he witnessed he realizes how much death is random and unpredictable, therefore he institutes a holiday every January 3rd. This holiday is called National Suicide Day. ?This was their only chance to kill themselves or each other.?(Pg. 14). The first year the townspeople were kind-of scared and thought Shadrack was crazy for doing it. But in the following years after the town accepted it and went along with it. This is the way the town saw Shadrack. This is the role he assumed. Eva's role is being the head of the Peace household, which consists of many people. It consists of her children, ?Hannah, the eldest, and Eva, whom she named after herself but called Pearl, and a son named Ralph, whom she called Plum.?(Pg. 32). The Peace household also consists of Eva's granddaughter, Sula, the Dewey's, Tar Baby, and young married couples. Eva's role is clearly set in this story. She is the head of the peace household and a mother with a husband who left her. Due to these circumstances she does what she can to provide for her children. She goes away for a while and comes back with only one leg and about ten thousand dollars to provide for her children. Losing her leg was clearly some type of self-sacrifice. She assumes this role as head of the Peace household until Sula has her put in a home because she sets her son Plum on fire. Plum's role in this world is cut short by his mother when she sets him on fire and sends him to his death. After he comes back from the military he becomes a heroin addict and starts stealing money from his mother so he can supply his addiction. She sets him on fire, kills him, and his role in life is over. Sula is the person who this novel is named after. She is a very free-spirited young African-American woman. She looks at the bottom and top of the social ladder as the same. Sula says, ?You say I'm a woman and colored. Ain't that the same as being a man (Pg. 142). She also says, ?I don't know everything, I just do everything.? (Pg. 143). She is the only person in the story who rejects the life given to them in the bottom. Her life takes a different route and she goes to college and lives in

Suitability of a First Secondary English Textbook

Suitability of a First Secondary English Textbook Introduction English language is considered a foreign language in the Kingdom of Saud Arabia (KSA). Learners are introduced to the English language using EFL teaching materials at the sixth grade in public schools and at kindergarten to students who attend private schools.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Suitability of a First Secondary English Textbook specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Teaching materials for EFL in the KSA are developed by the ministry of education. These materials are then distributed to schools and bookshops. According to Shawer (2010), inequity in EFL materials in the KSA is that teachers and learners are not involved in the development of learning materials. Curriculum developers are employees of the government who are solely involved in all the development stages of learning materials, namely textbooks, radio programmes, and television programmes. Lack of inclusion of teachers and learn ers in the development of EFL teaching materials in the KSA has resulted in poor relations between teachers and the materials. Teachers cannot completely internalise the materials or fully integrate them into their teaching.  Shawer (2010) recommends that it is important to evaluate EFL teaching materials before adapting them into the teaching and learning system. To begin with, EFL teaching materials are developed without the input of the teachers and the learners who are the main consumers. As such, materials that are presented by the ministry of education lack inclusivity. It is also important to note that most of the teachers are not first speakers of English. The materials used by such teachers as guides and textbooks should be easily understandable. Secondly, most of the learners in the KSA take English as a second language. Such learners may have difficulties in reading and appreciating these textbooks. Therefore, evaluation will ensure that EFL textbooks appeal to their la nguage levels. Based on this background information concerning EFL in the KSA, this paper uses ‘Traveler 1 Students Book’ by Malkogianni to gauge its suitability as the first English textbook to the KSA learners.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A TEFL in Saudi Arabia Educational policy for teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Educational policy for Teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in the Kingdom of Saud Arabia ensures regulation at all levels where EFL is taught. EFL was introduced in the Kingdom of Saud Arabia by the ministry of education in 1925. Shawer (2010) confirms that the ministry of education has the power to dictate that EFL be taught from grade six through to the university. Most of the subjects in the KSA schools are also taught in English language, thus making it an important language of instruction and evaluation. In ad dition, several immigrants from western and other countries of the world use English in their communication. This observation makes it important for learners to understand the English language. Interaction between the KSA and other nations in diplomacy, peace, trade, aviation, and research also makes English important. The curriculum of teaching English at the secondary level The ministry of education develops the current curriculum for TEFL in conjunction with the directorate of curriculum. The current TEFL curriculum was developed in 1999. As a policy, TEFL was aimed at meeting the need for language skills in speaking, listening, reading, and writing in the KSA. Learners of EFL were then supposed to communicate in English with all speakers of the language. The foundation of TEFL in Saudi Arabia was on two-policy documents, namely teaching English in Saudi Arabia 1408H of 1989 and 1421H of 2000.  The Saudi Policy of Education is responsible for enforcement of curriculum for TEFL. Teaching of foreign languages such as English in Saud Arabia is engraved in this policy document under Article No. 50. Under this article, one of the functions of education is to â€Å"furnish students with at least one of the living languages, in addition to their original language, to enable them acquire knowledge and sciences from other communities and to participate in the service of Islam and humanity† (Al-Hajailan, 2003, p. 23). This function implies that TEFL is an objective and policy that is undertaken by the government. Therefore, learners appreciate English as a language for interaction and cultural exchange both at the national and international level. The policy is also aimed at achieving national goals of transfer and acquisition of scientific, technological, and cultural knowledge under the spirit of Islam.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Suitability of a First Secondary English Textbook specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The EFL curriculum adapts an excellent instructional design assessment (WIDA) in evaluating learner’s skills in listening, speaking, writing, and reading. The EFL curriculum also dictates new students joining the system to take a compulsory test that indicates whether they need ESL and if so the level of their conception. Learners also take WIDA-ACCESS test at the end of every year as an indication of their suitability for the next level. According to Al-Kharabsheh, Al-Azzam, and Obeidat (2009), at level I, English as a second language begins by emphasising the basics of language and its structures. Learners are also taught the basic tenses and vocabularies at this level. This plan enables learners to write simple English statements and paragraphs. Learners should also be taught how to write a topic sentence and support it using simple details. Teachers also emphasise the capitalisation and use of punctuation marks. Learners are also intro duced to simple discussions to aid in their listening and speaking skills. At this level, the curriculum directs that EFL have two lessons per day. At level II, learners of English as a second language are introduced to fiction and real stories. This content aids to gauge their ability to understand and discuss stories in English. Learners are also introduced to visual cues, references, inferences, and prediction in reading. Properly written and punctuated sentences are also taught at this level. Learners should write correct sentences while at the same time ensuring proper punctuation. Finally, learners at this level are taught how to write complex sentences and/or make paragraphs. Learners should also know how to differentiate general ideas from specific ideas. At level III, complex ideas are introduced. Shawer (2010) asserts that learners are supposed to not only read and understand complex issues but also discuss them. Learners are also taught how to write complex essays. Such e ssays should have varying themes and structures. Skills for research and complex writing are also introduced at this level. At level IV, the curriculum recommends teachers to emphasise learners’ skills in communicating in proper English. Teaching and assessment of advanced reading, listening, and writing are done at this level.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Al-Kharabsheh et al. (2009), the curriculum also recommends learners to be involved in journal writing where they should compose at least two journals every week. Such journals should have varying themes. Besides, they should portray comprehension of language and arguments. Development of vocabularies and observation of standards in English language are also emphasised and tested. Recent studies that evaluate the suitability of EFL syllabus Several recent studies have evaluated the suitableness of EFL syllabuses to learners in the KSA. Khafaji conducted one of such studies in 2004. Khafaji (2004) carried out an evaluation of English language teaching materials that are used in public secondary schools in the KSA. Under his evaluation, he explored the policies that guide TEFL in Saudi Arabia. In the analysis of his study, Khafaji (2004) realised that inaccessibility of learning materials for EFL in the KSA was an impediment to successful and motivating academic content a s recommended by the curriculum. Khafaji’s (2004) evaluation also realised that the use of audio-lingual method of teaching EFL was also a limitation to the teaching and learning of English language at this secondary school level. Another study by Alamri (2008) focused on the quality of English language textbook at the entry level, namely the sixth grade. The focal point of this assessment was on the superiority of English learning resources in instructing boys’ schools since they were brought in 2004. According to Alamri (2008), one of the foundations of EFL textbooks that form the basis for English learning in the KSA was analysed. The researcher deployed questionnaires to examine 93 English tongue tutors at the sixth grade and 11 administrators. This research was conducted in Riyadh Educational Zone in the KSA. In his findings, Alamri (2008) realised that teachers and supervisors favoured EFL textbooks, although they objected the adopted teaching methods. The study suggested the upgrading of such teaching materials. Finally, Habtoor (2012) carried out an evaluation to ascertain the quality of content that was contained in textbooks that were used in teaching English for specific purposes. Habtoor (2012) evaluated the substance of the textbooks that were utilised in teaching sophomore learners who were studying archaeology and tourism. The researcher evaluated the opinions of EFL teachers on the content of the textbook and its efficacy in teaching English language. According to Habtoor (2012), presentation of learning skills in relation to the learners’ needs and their study level was also evaluated. In this study, Habtoor (2012) realised that teachers recommended the textbook since it could meet the needs of the learners at that level. Discussion An introductory description of the textbook, context, and learners to whom it is designed ‘Traveler 1 Students Book’ by Malkogianni is a must-read textbook that is used for teachin g English as a second language in the KSA. Malkogianni presents the fundamentals of English language. As a first secondary English textbook, the book is written in a simple language with simple vocabulary and sentence structure. The context of the English textbook for EFL is tailored towards the language level of the learners. O’Neill (2008) asserts that a textbook should have the basics of language and its structure. ‘Traveler 1 Students Book’ presents the readers with simple vocabularies that are commonly used in English. Malkogianni includes the structure of English tenses. He goes further to show how they are used in simple sentences and paragraphs. The textbook has a content that will enable learners at this level to use a topic sentence to write a simple paragraph with supporting details. In addition, the English textbook also introduces learners to punctuation, listening, and reading skills. These factors will meet the learners’ needs at this level. Students entering secondary schools in the KSA have very low comprehension of English language since it is introduced at a later age as a second language. Learners are not able to distinguish tenses, to punctuate sentences, and/or read well. As such, ‘Traveler 1 Students Book’ has been set to cater for these fundamentals of English language. The content of the syllabus for first secondary school entrants is appropriate for the psychological characteristics of the learners. Learners at this level are not ready for complex language structures and comprehension. Therefore, the syllabus is tailored to meet the language needs of these learners. The structure of the syllabus directs that learning at this level begin by being taught simple vocabularies, tenses, punctuation, and other basics of the English language. Teaching of the fundamentals first before introducing complex sentence structures ensures that learners are at home with the process for learning. Introduction of simple to complex language structure ensures a procedural approach to the mental comprehension of learners.  In addition, individual differences in abilities, interest, and level of intelligence are also catered for in the EFL syllabus at this level. Learners are required to take examinations and assessment tests that indicate their language level. For example, new learners are required to take a test to guide teachers on whether the learner is acceptable in the class. In addition, at the end of every term, learners take examinations that indicate their learning ability. O’Neill (2008) confirms that through these examinations, learners are evaluated on their listening, reading, and writing skills. The teachers then use the results in addressing the language needs of individual students. The syllabus also takes care of learners’ language differences through recommending the use of group discussions. Learners are supposed to form simple paragraphs, which they should di scuss with their classmates. Teachers are also required to guide and direct the discussions. In doing so, teachers can spot any differences that exist between learners. Internal oral and written skills are also useful in addressing the language needs of individual learners. The purposes that are stated in this textbook meet the needs of the learners. The language needs of learners at this level include grasping basic language concepts. Learners are taught basic vocabularies, tenses, and sentence structure. Learning of tenses enables learners to begin making correct English sentences. Basic vocabularies that are taught at this level prepare learners for the next stage where they can understand simple sentences. Learners’ age and needs The substance of the syllabus is appropriate upon bearing in mind the students’ psychological status and speech development. At this level, learners’ level of skills in English language is low. Therefore, it is important to address it in a strategic developmental approach. The syllabus recommends teaching of basic tenses. According to Shawer (2010), learning of basic tenses at this level enables learners to comprehend change in time and actions that are expressed in basic sentences. The syllabus also recommends teaching of basic sentence structures to enable learners to piece up simple words together in making basic sentences. Teaching of basic listening and reading skills also ensures that students can read ‘Basic English’ statements and/or listen to ‘Basic English’ audio materials. This step forms an important foundation for the next levels where more advanced structures are taught. The syllabus also addresses language development procedure. For example, it takes care of listening, reading, writing, and speaking skills. These basics form the basis for comprehending a new language. EFL goals and context The content of the textbook is also tailored to meet the Saudi EFL goals and purp oses because English is taught and used in KSA as a second language. Since English language is introduced at the sixth grade in most public schools, there is a need to form a foundation as learners get into secondary schools. Shawer (2010) affirms that Saudi EFL goals include the development of English language for use in the academic development of learners. Examinations and teaching of students at all levels from the sixth grade is done in English. Therefore, learning of English language prepares learners for academics. Trade and international relations in the KSA is also done in English. Teaching of writing and listening skills is important for this goal. Moreover, people of Saudi interact with many immigrants using the English language. Therefore, learning of listening, reading, and speaking skills meets this goal. Saudi culture The social and religious needs of the KSA people are taken care of in the EFL syllabus. Having been developed by the ministry of education in conjunctio n with the department of curriculum development, Zarei and Khalessi (2011) confirm that the syllabus incorporates religious and social needs of the people. For example, in the introduction, the importance of learning the English language is stated for the people of Saud Arabia. For example, the language will enable the people who learn it to interact better with those of other communities in an effort to spread their ideologies. Therefore, the English language will enable learners to socialise with the international community. For example, English language is used in international diplomacy.  According to Zarei and Khalessi (2011), Islamic religious goals of the Kingdom of Saud Arabia are also taken care of in the EFL syllabus. Learning of the English language will also enable learners to read religious writings if they are written in English. The syllabus promotes the Islamic religious values. Learning of speaking and listening skills in English will enable students to socialise with other Islam believers in other parts of the world. Better comprehension of other people’s religions and culture will also be promoted by the learning of English language, which is spoken in many countries.  Zarei and Khalessi (2011) say that the cultural environment of the Kingdom of Saud Arabia is also reflected in the EFL syllabus. The need for scientific and technological acquisition and exchange is enshrined in the goals of the EFL syllabus. Therefore, learning of the English language will ensure that people of the KSA can easily interact with the international community. Issues such as reading and understanding scientific materials are imperative in the acquisition and exchange of information. English language will enable students at the upper levels of learning to carry out research and/or interact with others across the world. Those who understand the English language can also spread the culture of people of the KSA easily to other English speakers across the wo rld. Essential elements in the modern syllabus The modern EFL syllabus is based on several foundations that are based on modern life situation. For example, in terms of teaching tenses, the syllabus recommends the use of placards that indicate drawings of activities. Discussions of simple stories are also based on modern life and situations that happen in the day-by-day life of the student. For example, learners are told to make simple sentences in the application of the learned subject. In teaching listening and speaking skills in English, the use of audio materials is recommended by the syllabus. The stories and examples that are used in such materials are from the real-life situations in the KSA. For example, when teaching students on new vocabularies, the teacher uses words in the context of what students do in their daily life. According to O’Neill (2008), pictures and illustrations on the EFL textbooks are customised to the KSA environment. Such materials also enhance l earners’ autonomy in thinking. Learners can learn by themselves from the environment. The use of simple language structure and illustrations that relate to their personal lives also motivates them to learn by themselves. Conclusion Evaluation of first secondary English textbook in the KSA indicates that both the syllabus and the textbook are appropriate. The textbook is organised to meet the learning needs of national and cultural goals. The structure of the curriculum is also procedural to enable leaders to build on skills that they have acquired from lower levels. Assessments at different levels also ensure continuity of language competence development. Recommendations This evaluation recommends the department of curriculum development to take in the opinion of teachers in developing the curriculum since they (teachers) are the direct end users. Secondly, the ministry of education should consider the needs of the learners when developing the curriculum. Thirdly, there shoul d be a comprehensive training of English language teachers before they are posted to teach in the various KSA schools. Finally, there should be an inclusion of more integrative methods of TEFL in the syllabus. Reference List Alamri, A. (2008). An Evaluation of the Sixth Grade English Language Textbook for Saudi Boys Schools. KSA: King Saud University. Al-Hajailan, T. (2003). Teaching English in Saudi Arabia. Riyadh: Aldar Alsawlatiah Al-Kharabsheh, A., Al-Azzam, B., Obeidat, M. (2009). The English Department In The Arab World Re-Visited: Language, Literature, or Translation? A Students View. College Student Journal, 43(4), 961-978. Habtoor, A. (2012). English for Specific Purpose Textbook in EFL Milieu: An Instructor’s Perspective Evaluation. International Journal of Linguistics, 4(3), 1-45. Khafaji, A. (2004). An evaluation of the materials used for teaching English to the second secondary level in male public high school in Saudi Arabia. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter. O ’Neill, R. (2008). Why use textbooks? ELT Journal, 36(2), 104-111. Shawer, S. (2010) Communicative-based curriculum innovations between theory and practice: implications for EFL curriculum development and student cognitive and affective change. Curriculum Journal, 21(3), 333-359. Zarei, G., Khalessi, M. (2011). Cultural load in English language textbooks: an analysis of interchange series. Procedia Social and Behavioural Sciences, 15(1), 294–301.

NHS on abortion is ethical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

NHS on abortion is ethical - Essay Example Over a period of time, the NHS has evolved strategy to deal with the critical issues linked with abortion. The major part of this strategy is communication. The NHS keeps its stakeholders informed regarding different aspects of the abortion and related procedures and risks. ... Abortion is a term used for the termination of pregnancy through procured or induced measures. In UK, Abortion is allowed under certain situations which are within the legal parameters of The Abortion Act, 1967 (Lipp & Fothergill, 2009). In the recent past, there have been various campaigns supporting foetus rights/ rights of unborn or rights of women. There have been certain cases, where father to be demanded for their rights over the unborn. However the issue is still unresolved. There are certain medical conditions where abortions become mandatory to save the life of pregnant women. The activists today are also opposing the use of abortion as a contraceptive measures to get rid of unwanted pregnancy. Abortions put the professionals performing it in ethical dilemma with their motive of medical practice. There have been voices raised for the social and ethical aspects linked with abortion. People supporting abortion as women’s right argue that women have right on their bodies and what happens in their bodies, whereas the others argue that the unborn who can not speak for themselves have right to live. There are various issues of debate over the abortions i.e. women’s health, psychological and emotional well being, support to raise the child and many others. There have been limited studies to understand the long term psychological impact on women who opted for abortions. The fact can not be ignored that even when abortion was not legal, it was being performed and putting women in health risk situations. It is statistically evident that legalising abortion has significantly reduced the number of abortions across the Eastern Europe (WHO, 2008). In such scenario of controversies, it is important how medical service providing

Obesity amon Hispanics under SGA medication Research Proposal

Obesity amon Hispanics under SGA medication - Research Proposal Example There are two types of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) encountered in advanced nursing practice. These are the first and the second generation antipsychotic drugs. Of greater interest to this paper are the Second Generation Antipsychotics (SGAs), which have been found to cause weight gain and obesity in mental patients under SGAs. Second Generation Antipsychotic (SGAs) medications are a class of medications for psychiatric conditions approved by various agencies for use against psychiatric conditions such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, acute mania, and bipolar mania among other psychological illnesses. A rather interesting finding has presented itself in recent times with researchers discovering certain differences and disparities across ethnic and racial lines with regards to the prevalence of SGA-related obesity. This paper thus seeks to establish this assertion by narrowing down on whether the prevalence of SGA-induced obesity among Hispanics is higher than it is among Asians. Bas ed on a firm background of past and current studies on the same subject, the following section paper explains why SGA-related obesity is rather an important concern for advanced nursing practice in the contemporary health care sector. The Significance of this Problem in Advanced Nursing Practice Weight gain, obesity, and diabetes are some of the disorders that increase peoples’ risks to fatal cardiovascular events. Of these disorders, obesity perhaps exerts the most pressure and impact on a population’s health and resources if its association with high morbidity and mortality is anything to go by. This problem is particularly felt in the advanced nursing subsector where health care for such patients has really suffered with regards to prevention, intervention, treatment, and scarce resources. More importantly, the need to address the various challenges and perceptions of psychiatric conditions and SGA-associated obesity of different ethnic and racial groups has become a rather serious problem for nursing practitioners. Obesity refers to a condition in which a person accumulates quite a lot of body fat so that it results in certain negative health effects (Kessleret al., 2004). In most cases, an individual whose bodyweight is at least 20% higher than it should be is considered to be an obese. Additionally, if a person’s Body Mass Index (BMI) falls between 25 and 29.9, he/she is considered overweight and if one’s BMI ranges above 30, he/she is considered an obese. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a statistical measurement, which is a derivative of one’s height and weight and is often used to estimate a healthy body weight (Kessleret al., 2004). However BMI does little to measure the percentage of body fat since it could be misleading sometimes. Although it is a rather useful health indicator for an average person, BMI may be misleading in determining the healthy body weight of a muscular person with a high BMI but less fat than an unfit person with a lower BMI. That the prevalence of obesity is quite high, ranging

Women Drive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women Drive - Essay Example However, it is a sad reality that the women in Saudi Arabia are not allowed to drive. Government and a big section of the public in Saudi Arabia do not appreciate the women who drive or want to drive. In the past few years the women activists in Saudi Arabia have been demanding the right to drive (TED Talks 1). Yet, irrespective of these protests, women’s driving in Saudi Arabia is something that is considered to be illegal (TED Talks 1). Over the past few years the ban on women driving in Saudi Arabia is an issue that has attracted much international attention. The women are not allowed to drive in Saudi Arabia owing to a variety of reasons like being harassed by anti-social elements, a big section of the population being opposed to women driving and a failure of the government to address this important issue. The mere act of driving a car does not make a woman immoral and bad. It is a fact that every culture happens to have its own definition of character and goodness. Howev er, in Saudi Arabia, many people consider the women who intend to drive to be having a loose character and a faulty sense of morals (TED Talks 1). Hence, even if a woman gets a chance to drive, she is quiet bound to be harassed by the anti-social elements in the Saudi society (TED Talks 1).

Cuban Missile Crisis. Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Cuban Missile Crisis: The Events Before, During, and After Let the record show that our restraint is not inexhaustible. Should it ever appear that the inter-American doctrine of noninterference merely conceals or excuses a policy of nonaction - if the nations of this hemisphere should fail to meet their commitments against outside Communist penetration - then I want it clearly understood that this Government will not hesitate in meeting its primary obligations, which are to the security of our Nation. Should the time ever come, we do not intend to be lectured on " intervention " by those whose character was stamped for all time on the bloody streets of Budapest. ( Address by President Kennedy, 20 April 1961, " The Lesson of Cuba, " Department of State Publication No. 7185. ) During the post World War II years, the United States was involved in a continuing conflict with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The differences in democratic and communistic views led to most of this struggle. Although there was no direct military conflict, a climax of military tension was reached during the Cuban Missile Crisis. What exactly happened and what were the causes and effects of this historical event filled with diplomatic as well as militarial tension? In order to fully understand the Cuban Missile Crisis, the events previous to it must be established as they were extremely relevant to the situation. Prior to the twentieth century, Americans had a favorable relationship with the Russians. However, in the late nineteenth century, c. 1890, America and Russia began to disagree and quarrel over certain situations and questions that arose over Asia. This point in history can be labeled as the " beginning " of our feud with Russia ( Cold War Encarta ). Relations began to become troubled at this point, but there was hope for possible resolution. Unfortunately, in 1917 a group of people known as Communists seized power of the government in Russia and established the Soviet Union. The Communists' primary political party was called the Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks wanted very much to propagate their ideas to small and new countries in Asia and in Europe. However, capitalistic nations in the west also wanted to spread their political views. Due to this clash in political beliefs, the Bolsheviks, and the rest of the Soviet Union, declare... ...st encounter to a full scale nuclear war. If it had not been for our strong president and the fearlessness of America as a whole, the world might be a drastically different place today. Thankfully, though, it is not and due to the almost non-existent threat of communism in today's world it will probably not radically change in the years to come. Works Cited Abel, Elie. The Missile Crisis. New York City, New York: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1966. Cook, Fred. The Cuban Missile Crisis. New York City, New York: Franklin Watts Inc., 1972. " Cold War. " Encarta 1996: Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corporation. 1996. " Cuban Missile Crisis. " Encarta 1996: Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corporation. 1996. LaFeber, Walter. " Cold War. " Encarta 1996: Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corporation. 1996. Partington, Angela, ed. The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Schulzinger, Robert. " The End of the Cold War. " OAH Magazine of History ( 1994 ): 13-18. SIRS CD-ROM. SIRS Inc. 1996. Trease, Geoffery. This is Your Century. New York City, New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World Inc., 1965.

Lakme Cosmetics Essay

Lakme is one of the cosmetic brands of the Unilever Bangladesh Ltd offers to the target market. The survey has been conducted to know cognitive components, affective components and behavioral components of the consumers in Dhaka city. Our sample size is 50. These respondents are from different professional such as Student, Housewife, Private Service holder, Public service holder and other professions. Among 50 respondents, 31 or 62% respondents are from the age of 16 years to 25years, 16 respondents from 26 to 35 and 3 respondents from 36 to 45 years and 31 respondents from 16 to 25 years use lipstick, 16 respondents from 26 to 35 years use lipstick and lastly 3 respondents from 36 to 45 respondents use lipstick. Maximum respondents are from lower higher class. According to our research 50% of the total respondents go to beauty parlor once a month, about 12% of the respondents go twice a month, 18% of the respondents go twice a week, 6% of the respondents go once a week, 7% of the re spondents go not in fix time interval. 36% of the total respondents watch TV or movies. In case of buying habit 54% of the respondents buy lipstick once a month, about 18% of the respondents buy lipstick twice an month, around 12% of the respondents buy lipstick twice a week and 16% of the respondents buy lipstick in different occasions. The respondents are a bit colorful, Organized, Moderate stylish, changing oriented, a bit youthful, somewhat rational, a bit formal, like to dominate, little bit calm. The schematic memory of the lakme is quite positive. Respondents perceive the lakme lipstick as Hygienic, Modern Outlook, Long Lasting, Fascinating, Bright, Color, Elegance, Distinct, High Price, High Class, Prestigious, Assured Quality, Fantastic, Satisfaction, and Best Quality. According to perceptual mapping Lakme has a strong brand image than Revlon and Loreal. Since weighted mean of lakme is 0.326 and the weighed mean of Revlon is 0.562 Lakme is closer to Ideal brand than Revlon and thus attitudes toward Lakme lipstick very favorable than attitudes toward Revlon lipsticks. Lakme has favorable emotion towards its lipstick. As per our research about 54% of the target market use Lakme and most of them will buy it next time. So it reveals the positive behavioral components of attitude in the mind of the consumers. Finally Lakme can change the cognitive attitudes by changing belief, adding belief, shifting importance  and changing ideal and through classical conditioning, mere exposure lakme can change the affective components of customers. And operant conditioning needs to alter behavioral components of the consumers. Background of the Report: Our course instructor Mr, Farhan Faruqui has recommended us to prepare a report on Lakme which will be regarded as the term paper for the Spring 2008 semester on the 7th April 2008. The report was supposed to find linkage among real-life advertisements by Lakme lipstick and the theories taught in the classes of the course of Consumer Behavior. Statement of the problem: the report will try to answer the following questions: †¢ Is Bangladesh Unilever Ltd, applying the theories of Consumer Behavior in their Marketing activities? †¢ Are the methods effective? †¢ Do the consumers like their marketing activities? †¢ What is Lakme lipstick’s position compared to other brands? †¢ What else Unilever Bangladesh Ltd could do to ensure future success? Statement of Purpose: the report will serve the following purposes †¢ Defining the practical application of theories of consumer behavior evident in Lakme lipstick’s marketing activities. †¢ Explaining the effectiveness of Lakme lipstick’s marketing activities. †¢ Presenting a total picture regarding consumer feedback and responses. †¢ Describing lakme lipstick’s position in the market. †¢ Proposing few suggestions for lakme lipsticks that will ensure long-term success for Lakme. Scope of the report: this report has been prepared with in the following parameters †¢ The Report covers the marketing activities for Lipstick offered by Lakme by Unilever Bangladesh. †¢ Throughout the survey, emphasis was given to female members of the market. †¢ The Report is primarily based on customer feedback derived from the survey which might not represent the actual information due to sampling error. †¢ The survey is  conducted in the Dhaka city as well as other developed cities. Methodology: this marketing report has been prepared based on primary data. This is basically a qualitative analysis. We have chosen non-comparative scaling technique because we wanted to measure the influence of each and every factor. Only by Non-comparative scaling technique we can do that. And among two types non-comparative technique we used itemize technique and between three itemize techniques we took Likert scaling for Affective components and semantic scale for cognitive components which range from 1 to 5 point scaling. Then after screening we have finally set sets of questions in our questionnaire. Our target population has been the female of Dhaka city and other developed cities in Bangladesh. We have chosen probability sampling. We are four members in our group. As we have been assigned to collect data, we have gone to the target market and got the questionnaires filled up by the females. And to analyze to data we use SPSS application. We analyze data by frequency distribution, different types of diagram and multiple variables comparison. Limitation: Like every research it has also some limitation. Among them time is the most significant constraint that affected our research very much. Within this short time it s was quite impossible to make this sort of research. We had only around 15 days to prepare a research which is quite impossible. Among the other constraints next significant was target market who was reluctant to fill the questionnaires. The product has been a low-involvement one so target market has been reluctant to answer them. There has been a lack of co-ordination among the group member. May be data does not represent the actual population. Organizational Background: This segment will provide a short description concerning the Unilever Bangladesh ltd. The segment will include the following topics- company background, mission statement, company objectives, company location. Company Background: The origin dates back to 1964, when the first Manufacturing Operations were set up as a part of Lever Brothers Pakistan operations. After independence, it was incorporated as a separate Company under the laws of Bangladesh. Later on the Company diversified into different categories. Unilever is a multinational company but for our term paper we are interested in Unilever Bangladesh Ltd. Over the last four decades, Unilever Bangladesh has been constantly bringing new and world-class products for the Bangladeshi people to remove the daily drudgery of life. Over 90% of the country’s households use one or more of Unilever’s products. Unilever Bangladesh conducts their operations with honesty, integrity and openness, and with respect for the human rights and interests of their employees. They will similarly respect the legitimate interests of those with whom they have relationships. Unilever companies and their employees are required to comply with the laws and regulations of the countries in which they operate. Employees: Unilever is committed to diversity in a working environment where there is mutual trust and respect and where everyone feels responsible for the performance and reputation of their company. They will recruit, employ and promote employees on the sole basis of the qualifications and abilities needed for the work to be performed. They are committed to safe and healthy working conditions for all employees. They will not use any form of forced, compulsory or child labor. They are committed to working with employees to develop and enhance each individual’s skills and capabilities. They respect the dignity of the individual and the right of employees to freedom of association. They will maintain good communications with employees through company based information and consultation procedures. Unilever Operations in Bangladesh provide employment to over 10,000 people directly and through its dedicated suppliers, distributors and service providers. 99.5% of UBL employees are locals and they have equal number of Bangladeshis working abroad in other Unilever companies as expatriates Consumers: Unilever is committed to providing branded products and services which  consistently offer value in terms of price and quality, and which are safe for their intended use. Products and services will be accurately and properly labeled, advertised and communicated. Shareholders: Unilever will conduct its operations in accordance with internationally accepted principles of good corporate governance. They will provide timely, regular and reliable information on their activities, structure, financial situation and performance to all shareholders. Business partners: Unilever is committed to establishing mutually beneficial relations with their suppliers, customers and business partners. In their business dealings they expect their partners to adhere to business principles consistent with their own. Community involvement: Unilever strives to be a trusted corporate citizen and, as an integral part of society, to fulfill their responsibilities to the societies and communities in which they operate. Public activities: Unilever companies are encouraged to promote and defend their legitimate business interests. Unilever will co-operate with governments and other organizations, both directly and through bodies such as trade associations, in the development of proposed legislation and other regulations which may affect legitimate business interests. Unilever neither supports political parties nor contributes to the funds of groups whose activities are calculated to promote party interests. The environment: Unilever is committed to making continuous improvements in the management of their environmental impact and to the longer-term goal of developing a sustainable business. Unilever will work in partnership with others to promote environmental care, increase understanding of environmental issues and disseminate good practice. Competition: Unilever believes in vigorous yet fair competition and supports the development of appropriate competition laws. Unilever companies and employees will conduct their operations in accordance with the principles of fair competition and all applicable regulations. Business integrity: Unilever does not give or receive, whether directly or indirectly, bribes or other improper advantages for business or financial gain. No employee may offer, give or receive any gift or payment which is, or may be construed as being, a bribe. Any demand for, or offer of, a bribe must be rejected immediately and reported to management. Unilever accounting records and supporting documents must accurately describe and reflect the nature of the underlying transactions. No undisclosed or unrecorded account, fund or asset will be established or maintained. Mission Statement: â€Å"Our mission is to add Vitality to life. We meet everyday needs for nutrition, hygiene and personal care with brands that help people look good, feel good and get more out of life.† This is the mission statement of the Unilever Bangladesh Ltd. Brands: Unilever Bangladesh has several brands in the market. Those are Wheel, Lux, Lifebuoy, Fair & Lovely, Pond’s, Close Up, Sunsilk, Lipton Taaza, Pepsodent, Clear, Vim, Surf Excel, Rexona, Dove, Vaseline & Lakme. Type of business: Fast Moving Consumer Goods Company with local manufacturing facilities, reporting to regional business groups for innovation and business results. Constitution: Authority of the conducting the company is still in hand of Unilever. Unilever owns 60.75% of the total share and Bangladesh government owns 39.25% of the total share Objective: Their purpose in Unilever is to meet the everyday needs of people everywhere – to anticipate the aspirations their consumers and customers and to respond creatively and competitively with branded products and services which raise the quality of life. Their deep roots in local cultures and markets around the world are their unparalleled inheritance and the foundation for their future growth. They will bring their wealth of knowledge and international expertise to the service of local consumers – a truly multi-local multinational company. Their long-term success requires a total commitment to exceptional standards of performance and productivity, to working together effectively and to a willingness to embrace new ideas and learn continuously. They believe that to succeed requires the highest standards of corporate behavior towards their employees, consumers and the societies and world in which they live. This is Unilever’s road to sustainable, profitable growth for their business and long-term value creation for their shareholders and employees.. Company Location: The company has a Soap Manufacturing factory and a Personal Products Factory located in Chittagong. Besides these, there is a tea packaging operation in Chittagong and three manufacturing units in Dhaka, which are owned and run by third parties exclusively dedicated to Unilever Bangladesh Target Market Parameters: 1. Demographic Factors: Demography is the scientific study of characteristics and dynamics pertaining  to the human population. The characteristics encompassed by this study include size, growth rate, density, vital statistics, and distribution of a specified population. Demography is widely used for various purposes and can encompass small, targeted populations or mass populations. The target market can be divided based on demographic variables. Demographic variables encompasses various aspect of an human such as Age, Gender, Family size, Family lifecycle, baby-boomers, Income, Occupation, Education, Ethnicity, Nationality, Religion, Social class etc. To be successful as marketer one must understand the demographic factors of the population. 1.1: Age and Sex: Normally consumers’ needs and wants change with age. There are certain types of products which attract different types of aged people as well as different sex. There some product which attract male people and there are some products which get the attention of female people. In the same one there are some products which get attracted by the mature people and there are other types of product which attract the child. Therefore products like Lipstick attract the female people or segment. In case of Lakme lipstick the target market is urban female and other developed cities like Dhaka, Shylet, Chittagong e.t.c. although the targeted age is somewhere between 16 years and 45 years. It may be seen that male are buying the lipstick but the ultimate users are female. As a result our majority of targeted respondents are female. The proportion of the male and female respondents in the survey is like this. Figure1.1: Gender analysis According to Figure 1.1 the majority of the respondents are Female. Among 50 respondent female is 43 in case of percentage about 86% of the total sample. So from this Figure 1.1 it can be understood that the survey has been got answered by right people. Figure 1.2: Age analysis Figure1.2 is showing the age structure which has been used for our survey. Among 50 respondents, 31 or 62% respondents are from the age of 16 years to  25years, 16 respondents from26 to 35 and 3 respondents from 36 to 45 years. These respondents will give us the information about Lakme lipstick. They will inform us about Cognitive component, affective component as well as behavioral component of the Lakme lipstick. They will differentiate the lakme among the various lipsticks. Form their responses we will be able to understand the various aspect our research topic. Figure 1.3: Frequency of Brand According figure 1.2 among 50 respondents, 31 respondents from 16 to 25 years use lipstick, 16 respondents from 26 to 35 years use lipstick and lastly 3 respondents from 36 to 45 respondents use lipstick. So here we see the prime customer of lipstick is the people who fall in the range from 16 to 25. so Unilever Bangladesh Ltd should pay more attention on this segment as well as the segment range from 26 to 35. 1.2: Occupation: the purchasing behavior depends on the occupation of the individual. For our research we are simply interested about public service, private service, student, Housewife and for making our questionnaire non force we have kept an option blank. Figure 1.4: Occupation analysis Among 50 respondents, 25 are students, 17 are private service holders, 5 are public service holders. 1 is housewife and 2 are others. In case of percentages about 50% of the total respondents are students, 2% are housewife, 34% are private service holders, 10% are public service holders and 4% are from other occupation. So we have targeted the right people who generally use or buy lipsticks. The Unilever Bangladesh Ltd needs to be  serious about customer like student because this is the big portion of the lipstick users. Students basically use or buy lipstick frequently. They are the main customer of the lipstick. The Unilever Bangladesh Ltd has other potential segment like Private Service professional and public service professional to pay the attention. Because this second and third highest portion of the target market. These segments would be a profitable one for Lakme. Figure 1.5: Brand according to occupation According to above table 25 students use lipstick , 1 housewife uses lipstick, 17 Private service holders use lipstick, 5 public service holder use lipstick and 1 respondent from other profession use lipstick. So Lakme should seriously consider the segment of student since it is the main target market, the private service professionals as it is a great potential segment for Lakme and public service professionals. 1.3: Social Gathering: the respondents of the target market are generally do not like to attend the social gathering very often. Figure 1.6: Social gathering According to our research about 44% of respondent are generally attend the social gather once a month, around 34% of the respondents attend social gathering twice a month, 10% of the respondents are attend different time, 2%, 2% and 8% of the respondents attend the social gathering once a week, more than 4 a month and less than once a month respectively. Since they do not attend the social gathering the Lakme can organize a informal chats or road show with its target market to get the feedback and to spread the positive attributes of Lakme lipstick to others. 1.4: Income: Purchasing ability depends on the individual income. People tend to buy more who has very high income. It is proven that higher class of the society buys more than another. In our survey there are 16% respondents have the income 40000 and above, 24% respondents have the income between 30000 to 40000, 30% respondents have the income between 20000 to 30000 and 14%, 14% and 2% of the total respondents have the income somewhere between 10000 to 20000, below 10000 and no income respectively. Figure 1.7: Distribution of the income According to figure 1.6 among 50 respondents, 8 respondents have the income of 40000 and above, 12 respondents have income between 30000 to 40000, 15 respondents have the income between 20000 to 30000, 7 respondents have the income between 10000 to 20000, 7 respondents have the income less than 10000 and 1 respondent does not have any income. Figure 1.8: Buying behavior according to income The individuals have the income 20000 to 30000 are very much eager to buy lipstick The target market who have income 30000 to 40000 and above 40000 are also interested to buy the lipstick. So Lakme should maintain the customer segment of who have income between 20000 and 30000 and also to influence the segment like who have income between 30000 and 40000 and above 40000. Leisure: Member of the target market does have variety in their leisure time. They just make them busy with numerous activities which they do often. Figure 1.9: Leisure activities According to figure 1.8 most of our target markets spend their time at home during the leisure time and some of them tend to go out in the leisure time. From above frequency distribution it has been found that about 36% of the total respondent watch TV or movies during the leisure time, about 16% of the respondents go to parties or concerts at leisure time, 2% play computer games, 10% of the respondents read story books at the leisure time, 6% of the respondents play outdoor games, 12% of the respondents hangout with their friends, 12% of the respondents read newspaper at the leisure time, 2% of the respondent travel at the leisure time and 2% of the total respondents do other thing during the leisure time. it is clear that most of the respondents enjoy their leisure time by watching TV or movies. So TV and electronic media has become main source of entertainment of the target markets. As Television has become the main source of entertainment at leisure time, Marketer can easily reach the target market. Newspaper can be an effective to reach the target markets. Unilever Bangladesh can publish or put their advertisement into those Television and Newspaper to efficiently manipulate the target markets. Going beauty parlor: Every one likes to be looked beautiful. In case of female this statement is the most appropriate one. The female segments like to go to Beauty parlor.